| Institute of Economic Affairs | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | IEA |
| Formation | 1955 |
| Type | free market think tank |
| Headquarters | London, United Kingdom |
| Director General | Mark Littlewood |
| Website | www.iea.org.uk |
The Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA), founded in 1955, styles itself the UK's pre-eminent free-market think-tank. Its mission is to improve understanding of the fundamental institutions of a free society by analysing and expounding the role of markets in solving economic and social problems.[1]
Contents |
In 1945 Antony Fisher read a summary of The Road to Serfdom by Friedrich Hayek in the front of the April issue of Reader’s Digest. Later that year Fisher visited Hayek at the London School of Economics. The economist dissuaded Fisher from embarking on a political and parliamentary career to try to prevent the spread of socialism and central planning. Instead, Hayek suggested the establishment of a body which could engage in research and reach the intellectuals with reasoned argument. If the intellectuals could be convinced of the benefits of free-markets, the politicians would follow.
In June 1955 The Free Convertibility of Sterling by George Winder was published, with Fisher signing the foreword as Director of the IEA. Later that year, in November, the IEA’s Original Trust Deed was signed by Fisher, John Harding and Oliver Smedley. Ralph Harris (later Lord Harris) began work as part-time General Director in January 1957. He was joined in 1958 by Arthur Seldon, who was initially appointed Editorial Advisor and became the Editorial Director in 1959.
The IEA has also played an active role in developing similar institutions across the globe. A world-wide network of over one hundred institutions in nearly eighty countries has been created. All are independent but share in the IEA's mission.[1]
Many IEA ideas first considered controversial have become almost conventional wisdom, from the abolition of exchange controls and the repeal of resale price maintenance to congestion charging and central bank independence. Andrew Marr called the Institute "undoubtedly the most influential think tank in modern British history"[2]
More broadly, IEA authors claim to have paved the way for the conquering of inflation, the reform of trade unions and the privatisation of the commanding heights of the economy. Today IEA authors are concerned with regulation issues, the reform of public services and a market driven vision of European integration.
The Social Affairs Unit was established in December 1980 as an offshoot of the Institute of Economic Affairs, in order to carry the IEA's economic ideas onto the battleground of sociology.[3] "Within a few years the Social Affairs Unit became independent from the IEA, acquiring its own premises."[3] In 1986 the IEA created a Health and Welfare Unit to focus on these aspects of social policy.[3][4]
The IEA is a registered educational and research charity.[5] On that basis it claims to be entirely funded by voluntary donations from individuals, companies and foundations who want to support its work, plus income from book sales and conferences. It claims to do no contract work, accept no money from government and further to be entirely independent of any political party or group.[1] However, when George Monbiot requested the sources of funding in 2011,[6] the IEA declined to reveal these.
Arthur Seldon proposed a series of Papers for economists to explore the market approach to the issues of the day. Eventually, these emerged as the Hobart Papers; 154 had been published by August 2006. In addition, 32 Hobart Paperbacks had been released along with 139 Occasional Papers, 61 Readings and 61 Research Monographs. A large number of other titles has been published in association with trade and university presses.[4]
The Journal of Economic Affairs was first published in October 1980 and continues to be published to the present day. IEA publications are sold throughout the world - reprinted and translated into over twenty-five languages. In the UK, many IEA titles have become mandatory in university and classroom reading lists.[1]
IEA papers are arranged in a series of titles, each with its own 'brand image'. The main series of publications is complemented by the Institute's quarterly journal Economic Affairs. [2]
The Institute's research activities are aided by an international Academic Advisory Council and a panel of Honorary Fellows. All IEA papers are subjected to the same rigorous independent blind-refereeing process that is used by leading academic journals. The views expressed in IEA papers are those of the authors and not of the Institute (which has no corporate view), its trustees, directors or advisers.
Some twelve economists engaged in the IEA's work have gone on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics: Gary Becker, James M. Buchanan, Ronald Coase, Milton Friedman, Friedrich Hayek, John Hicks, James Meade, Douglass C. North, Elinor Ostrom, Vernon L. Smith, George Stigler and Oliver E. Williamson. The condensed version of Hayek's The Road to Serfdom has been republished by the IEA [3], while the work of Nobel Prize Winners is reprinted in The Road to Economic Freedom[4] with a foreword by Margaret Thatcher [5]. The IEA has also recently published groundbreaking research in areas such as business ethics, economic development, education, pensions, regulation, taxation and transport.
In September 2008, the Institute started the IEA blog [6] as a further means to disseminate free-market ideas.
In October 2009, the IEA appointed Mark Littlewood as its next Director General. Littlewood took up the post on 1 December 2009.
The IEA holds a range of events throughout the year at its 2 Lord North Street headquarters.[7] From book launches and debates to conferences and lectures (including the Annual Hayek Lecture), from Working Lunches to Political Economy Suppers.
The 20th Annual Hayek Lecture, to be delivered on July 5, 2011, will be given by Robert Barro of Harvard University. Barro is considered one of the founders of new classical macroeconomics and is the current Paul M. Warburg Professor of Economics at Harvard.[8]
The Shadow Monetary Policy Committee (SMPC)[9] was established in July 1997, immediately following the creation of the Bank of England Monetary Policy Committee. The SMPC has met on a monthly basis since then. The decisions and minutes of the SMPC are published a few days before the Bank of England’s own interest rate decision each month.
Key personnel:
Other members of the Committee are: Roger Bootle (Deloitte and Capital Economics Ltd), Tim Congdon (International Monetary Research Ltd.), Jamie Dannhauser (Lombard Street Research), Anthony J Evans (ESCP Europe), John Greenwood (Invesco Asset Management), Ruth Lea (Arbuthnot Banking Group), Andrew Lilico (Europe Economics), Patrick Minford (Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University), Gordon Pepper (Lombard Street Research and Cass Business School), Akos Valentinyi (Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University), Peter Warburton (Economic Perspectives Ltd), Mike Wickens (University of York and Cardiff Business School) and Trevor Williams (Lloyds TSB Corporate Markets).